CCTV systems perform a wide range of tasks, but the main one is the task of controlling the security of objects, controlling the penetration of unauthorized persons into the protected territory, and ensuring the preservation of certain material values. The maximum effectiveness of security systems as a whole is achieved by integrating a video surveillance system with adjacent security systems . These systems include control and access control systems (ACS), face recognition and car license systems, perimeter security systems, fire alarms and warning systems.
Our specialists implement for you a video surveillance system separately, or in combination with security systems of any complexity.
Requirements for video surveillance systems and the concept of security
In the case when increased requirements are imposed on the protection of the object, it is necessary to determine the choice of a video surveillance system – analog or digital. If you want to recognize objects in detail, provide a secure encrypted connection, remote access, etc., then the IP-system has significant advantages. Before proceeding to the project of building a video surveillance system at the site, it is necessary to formulate its main tasks and determine their priority, that is, to develop a “security concept” for the following purposes:
- Identification and analysis of potential threats;
- Determination of the degree of necessary effectiveness of security systems for each of the zones;
- Choice of the system on the basis of which the project will be implemented (for example, analog system or digital);
- Determination of the need for scaling or upgrading (for example, the use of fiber optic links places a significant margin in the capacity of the networked cable infrastructure).
CCTV systems and their components
The infrastructure of the video surveillance system is built on the basis of the following basic components:
- CCTV cameras and their components (analog and digital video cameras, for outdoor surveillance or indoor shooting, protective casings, infrared illuminators, brackets and rotary mechanisms);
- Cable network (used as coaxial cables for analog video surveillance systems, and twisted pair for ip-video surveillance, in addition, it is possible to use fiber-optic networks and wireless networks)
- Computer active equipment (DVRs, video servers – devices for recording, processing and storing information, video monitors, control panels for cameras, intercoms and intercoms)
- Software (programs are used to output the video stream to monitors, process and record it, as well as software that provides special processing of the video signal (for example, recognition of faces or car numbers) and integration with other security structures)
- Power supplies (providing current and emergency uninterruptible power supply for all equipment)
The equipment installed on the street will be very different from that intended for indoor use. When choosing a system configuration, it is necessary to take into account the illumination of the protected object, the amount of information that needs to be transferred, processed and stored on the video server, the mode of operation of the equipment: daytime, night or round-the-clock, etc. Based on the above parameters and requirements, Video surveillance system, which is the basis of its implementation.
Of all the existing technical security systems, only video surveillance can broadcast events on the protected object in real time. That’s why properly designed video surveillance will allow you to instantly assess the situation in controlled areas, reduce the response time to a critical situation and take the most effective measures to protect and combat the circumstances that have arisen.
Ensuring efficiency
To ensure the greatest effectiveness of protection, the territory is divided into control zones: observation zones; Control zone; Protection zones; Protection zones.
In the surveillance zone, the video surveillance operator, using one or two video monitors and several cameras, performs simple monitoring of the situation.
Video information from control zones is automatically fixed to a special video recording device and reproduced as necessary for retrospective control of the situation at the protected facility.
In the security zones, surveillance, control and automatic detection of an intruder or any other undesirable phenomenon appearing in the change of the image coming from the camera in the monitored zone is carried out. For this purpose, single- and multichannel motion detectors are used. The fact of detection is confirmed by the issuance of an alarm signal with the help of alarm sirens.
Protection zones include various security alarm systems, access control systems (ACS), monitoring and security posts, etc., and are controlled by multi-programmable controllers, personal computers, specialized software. All components are closely interconnected and provide the most rational distribution of alarm information within the infrastructure: for example, in accordance with the alarm signal, additional lighting is automatically turned on, and video surveillance starts recording from several cameras in different angles.
The main types of video surveillance systems
CCTV systems are mainly divided into analog, digital and IP video surveillance.
Analog systems use the traditional method of connection (coaxial cable), and recording is performed on video cassettes. The technology is low in cost, easy to set up and maintain, almost no software required. In some cases it provides good monitoring in low light conditions. Typically used on small objects with a small protection zone.
Digital systems are characterized by broad technical capabilities. It is possible to use analog cameras.
IP video surveillance, despite the higher cost, has many advantages, opportunities for development and expansion of the structure’s functionality.
The main advantages of digital video surveillance systems:
- Connection via Ethernet cable “twisted pair” – there is no need to digitize the video signal;
- High quality video signal-the ability to use high-resolution cameras and, accordingly, the use of technologies such as recognition of various objects (autonomer, face, fire, smoke, etc.)
- Secure connection-the ability to encode a signal
- Remote monitoring-the ability to output the video stream to a remote resource or to a page on the Internet (subject to the availability of high-speed Internet access)
- Integration with other systems-the use of wireless and fiber-optic networks is facilitated